RT Journal Article SR Electronic A1 Skopal, Pavel T1 Films out of Necessity. The Means of Framing Film Screenings and Spectatorial Experiences in the Stalinist Era JF Iluminace YR 2009 VO 21 IS 3 SP 71 OP 92 UL https://iluminace.cz/en/artkey/ilu-200903-0005.php AB The author focuses on the practice of showing older Czech films newly equipped with an introductory text and the so-called extended programmes, i.e. attaching medium-length documentaries to feature films in the early 1950s. These practices, he argues, demonstrate the contradiction between two ways of understanding cinema in post-war cultural policy - cinema as a place of education or upbringing and cinema as a place of entertainment.